Seasonal affective disorder dsm-5 criteria

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Introduction

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a mood disorder subtype characterized by recurrent depressive episodes with a seasonal pattern.[1] It typically presents with major depressive episodes starting in late autumn or winter and remitting by spring or summer.

Conceptualized by Rosenthal et al in 1984, SAD symptoms include atypical features such as hypersomnia, overeating, carbohydrate craving, and significant fatigue, in addition to typical depressive symptoms.[2] Despite its distinct seasonal pattern, it is not classified separately in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR)  but as a specifier for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.[3] There is an ongoing debate about its classification within DSM-5 TR, highlighting the need fo